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991.
A horizontal translation of a function is the focus of this study. We examine the explanations provided by secondary school students and secondary school teachers to a translation of a function, focusing on the example of the parabola y=(x−3)2 and its relationship to y=x2. The participants’ explanations focused on attending to patterns, locating the zero of the function, and the point-wise calculation of function values. The results confirm that the horizontal shift of the parabola is, at least initially, inconsistent with expectations and counterintuitive to most participants. We articulate possible sources of this perceived inconsistency and describe a pedagogical approach aimed at resolving it. 相似文献
992.
We prove that given a simply connected compact manifold M and a
closed manifold N, any map in the Sobolev space W
1,2(M,N) can be
approximated weakly by smooth maps between M and N.
Submitted: September 2002, Final version: November 2002. 相似文献
993.
V. P. Belousov I. M. Belousova A. S. Grenishin O. B. Danilov V. M. Kiselev A. V. Kris’ko A. A. Mak T. D. Murav’eva V. N. Sosnov 《Optics and Spectroscopy》2003,95(6):830-832
The possibility of lasing in the fullerene-oxygen-iodine system with optical excitation of fullerene is studied. Laser radiation with an energy of 25 mJ and a pulse duration of 5–10 ms is obtained. 相似文献
994.
We study the elastic responses of double-(ds) and single-stranded (ss) DNA at external force fields. A double-strand-polymer
elastic model is constructed and solved by path integral methods and Monte Carlo simulations to understand the entropic elasticity,
cooperative extensibility, and supercoiling property of dsDNA. The good agreement with experiments indicates that short-ranged
base-pair stacking interaction is crucial for the stability and the high deformability of dsDNA. Hairpin-coil transition in
ssDNA is studied with generating function method. A threshold force is needed to pull the ssDNA hairpin patterns, stabilized
by base pairing and base-pair stacking, into random coils. This phase transition is predicted to be of first order for stacking
potential higher than some critical level, in accordance with experimental observations. 相似文献
995.
L. G. Lumbreras R. Gebhard W. Häusler F. Kauffmann-Doig J. Riederer G. Sieben U. Wagner 《Hyperfine Interactions》2003,150(1-4):51-72
Ceramic finds from the Galería de las Ofrendas at Chavín de Huántar and surface finds from the settlement of Chavín were characterised by combining the results of archaeological typology with archaeometric studies using neutron activation analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thin-section microscopy. Sherds from the pyramid Tello are included in the study as representative of local material. The analyses show that the vessels were made from different raw materials and that different firing procedures were used in their production. Sherds of certain styles largely exhibit similar types of Mössbauer patterns and in many instances also have similar element compositions. This supports the archaeological notion that the vessels were brought to Chavín from the provinces, perhaps on the occasion of a festivity. 相似文献
996.
Andrzej Dabrowski Erich Robens Peter Klobes Klaus Meyer Przemyslaw Podkocielny 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2003,20(5):311-322
Since a comprehensive survey published in 1999 [1] much work was done in standardizing measuring methods to characterize the surface geometry of dispersed and/or porous solids and to certify reference materials. The present paper is an extension of a short communication [2]. It gives a survey on existing standards and reports on new drafts and proposals. 相似文献
997.
A simple and effective technique for calculating the transient signals in three-level spin systems irradiated at one and two
frequencies is described. All possible signals are presented and discussed. The application of the two-frequency excitation
technique for the investigation of the inhomogeneity of the crystalline lattice is suggested. 相似文献
998.
In search of a noncontact underwater acoustic source 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
S. V. Egerev 《Acoustical Physics》2003,49(1):51-61
The history of studies of the photoacoustic effect in liquids and its applications to the development of a “virtual” source of underwater acoustic signals is briefly reviewed. The problem of the efficiency of the photoacoustic conversion is considered. The modes of laser generation of sound, i.e., the thermooptical, nonlinear surface, and nonlinear bulk modes of operation, are discussed taking into account the real features of the marine environment, the most important of them being the surface waves. A review of the publications concerned with the problem of a moving photoacoustic source is presented. Advances in the photoacoustic underwater remote sensing technology are described. 相似文献
999.
The kinetics of oxygen exchange are of primary importance for the application of titanates as fast resistive oxygen sensors.
The sensor’s conductivity is correlated with the oxygen partial pressure pO2 of the surrounding atmosphere: Due to oxygen surface transfer and subsequent diffusion of oxygen vacancies V
O
··
, a pO2 change gives rise to a conductivity change of the sample. While bulk diffusion usually occurs very fast, the surface transfer
reaction becomes the rate determining step for thin samples and for low temperatures. We have shown that in the case of acceptor
doped SrTiO3 the kinetics of the surface transfer reaction can be strongly influenced through stoichiometric changes brought about by
thin coatings of alkaline earth metal oxides (e.g. SrO). In contrast to the commonly used jump method (conductivity response
to a sudden pO2 change in the time domain), a model is presented which is based on the frequency-domain analysis of amplitude and phase shift
of the response signal obtained from a pO2 modulation in a fast kinetic measurement set-up. This method allows not only for measuring response times in the sub-millisecond
range but also for distinguishing between behaviour either controlled by volume diffusion or by surface transfer reaction.
Paper presented at the 9th EuroConference on Ionics, Ixia, Rhodes, Greece, Sept. 15 – 21, 2002. 相似文献
1000.
The ALEPH Collaboration A. Heister et al. 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2003,29(2):143-170
An improved search for B
s
0 oscillations is performed in the ALEPH data sample collected during the first phase of LEP, and reprocessed in 1998. Three
analyses based on complementary event selections are presented. First, decays of B
s
0 mesons into hadronic flavour eigenstates are fully reconstructed. This selection yields a small sample of candidates with
excellent decay length and momentum resolution and hi gh average B
s
0 purity. Semileptonic decays with a reconstructed
D
s
- meson provide a second sample with larger statistics, high average
B
s
0 purity, but a poorer momentum and decay length resolution due to the partial decay reconstruction. Finally, semileptonic
b-hadron decays are inclusively selected and yield the data sample with the highest sensitivity to B
s
0 oscillations, as the much higher statistics compensate for the low average B
s
0 purity and poorer time resolution. A lower limit is set atps-1 at 95% C.L., significantly lower than the expected limit of 15.2 ps-1.
Received: 21 February 2003 / Published online: 11 June 2003 相似文献